Digital transformation strategy

The essential guide to growing your business with digital transformation

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Digital transformation strategy

Introduction

This in-depth guide explains the success factors for creating a digital transformation strategy and implementing a digital transformation plan. We will show how to use different planning frameworks to structure activities needed for transformation.

Our research shows that today many businesses are realizing the imperative for digital transformation. Many businesses are realizing that to compete using digital marketing, data and technology, a structured process of digital transformation is needed.

Source: Smart Insights managing digital marketing report
The need for transformation is particularly strong in larger, international brands and organisations that need to manage the change of introducing new processes, skills, structures and technologies. Although it's now over 25 years since the first pioneers started to use the Internet for marketing. We were promised that new tactics like web and email marketing would offer cheap, quick and easy techniques to reach new markets. We now know this isn't the case and proactive management of digital marketing is needed.

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What is digital transformation?

Digital transformation gives opportunities to use technology to drive efficiencies for both sell-side customer interactions and buy-side interactions with suppliers. In larger organizations, the scope of transformation may include both and also internal communications and knowledge management related to the company intranet as shown by this visual.

The scope of digital transformation strategy
Source: Digital, Marketing, Strategy, Implementation and Practice, 7th edition, by Dave Chaffey and Fiona Ellis-Chadwick

In this article, we focus on improvements to customer marketing communications to support customer acquisition. The scope of the transformation project may include introducing a transactional e-commerce platform, but this is not relevant for all industries, for example, complex, high-value business-to-business services which are selected by many people in a business may never be sold online. Likewise, some e-commerce facilities may be limited to parts or customer service.

In our experience, the scope of digital transformation projects is often too narrowly focused on technology. Transformation projects are often rooted in applying digital technology, indeed the Wikipedia entry for digital transformation focuses exclusively on technology.

We believe this is a mistake since technology is only a tool to deliver customer interactions and support processes across different devices. While selecting the right type of technology to form a martech stack is a key part of transformation strategy, it's best to start with how the customer value proposition and customer experience will be affected and how this meets business objectives for customer acquisition and retention. Opportunities for new ways of doing business through new business models also need to be considered to counter digital disruption by new entrants to a marketplace.

Harvard Business Review concurs, in their article Digital transformation is not about technology they note that:

"Because most digital technologies provide possibilities for efficiency gains and customer intimacy. But if people lack the right mindset to change and the current organizational practices are flawed, DT will simply magnify those flaws".

The article suggests five different lessons to reduce the technology fixation of which we think these are most pertinent:

  • Lesson 1: Figure out your business strategy before you invest in anything.
  • Lesson 3: Design customer experience from the outside in.

We agree, creating a customer-centric digital marketing transformation strategy that aligns with business strategy is essential. The structure we recommend in the next section explains how to achieve this.

Defining digital transformation

We define digital transformation for marketing as:

"A staged programme of organizational improvements to business models, people, process and technologies used for integrated digital and multichannel marketing in order to maximize the potential business contribution of digital technology and media".

Notice that we emphasize integration of digital and multichannel marketing since it's vital that digital marketing activities don't become siloed, for example in a specialist digital team. Although, a digital marketing centre of excellence is a structural response we recommend since this gives a core team to manage and prompt adoption of digital marketing techniques and technologies.

From a consumer perspective too, a multichannel integrated approach is best since customers are channel-agnostic and will want a seamless experience across digital and traditional channels.

The Salesforce definition of 'What is digital transformation?' also highlights the importance of integration across functions and putting customers at the heart of transformation:

"Digital transformation is the process of using digital technologies to create new — or modify existing — business processes, culture, and customer experiences to meet changing business and market requirements. This reimagining of business in the digital age is digital transformation.

It transcends traditional roles like sales, marketing, and customer service. Instead, digital transformation begins and ends with how you think about, and engage with, customers".

What is the scope of digital transformation

The scope of transformation should involve managing and harnessing these ‘5Ds of Digital’ as Dave Chaffey of Smart Insights explained in his book Digital Marketing: Strategy, Planning and Implementation. The 5Ds define the opportunities for consumers to interact with brands and for businesses to reach and learn from their audiences in different ways:

  • Digital devices – audiences experience brands as they interact with business websites and mobile apps typically through a combination of connected devices including smartphones, tablets, desktop computers, TVs and gaming devices.
  • Digital platforms – most interactions on these devices are through a browser or apps from the major platforms or services, that’s Facebook (and Instagram), Google (and YouTube), Twitter and LinkedIn.
  • Digital media – different paid, owned and earned communications channels for reaching and engaging audiences including advertising, email and messaging, search engines and social networks.
  • Digital data – the insight businesses collect about their audience profiles and their interactions with businesses, which now needs to be protected by law in most countries.
  • Digital technology – the marketing technology or martech stack that businesses use to create interactive experiences from websites and mobile apps to in-store kiosks and email campaigns.

Why is transformation is needed?

Let's look at a practical example from the banking sector of why transformation is needed. This  usability research on the UX of banking involved competitor benchmarking where where different activities like opening an account was logged and compared.

This study highlights the digital disruption caused by challenger banks and how some industry incumbents have improved their customer experience, but others haven't. The findings are shocking... Look at the difference between the 10+ days for an account to become active from existing banks in comparison to the 2-3 days for an account to be active from challenger banks like Monzo, Starling and Metro.

Some traditional banks like Barclays and Lloyds have revised their back office process using STP (straight-through processing), so that they offer a 2-day turnaround process. In terms of digital experiences, the challenger banks perform even better and some of the traditional companies offer a much poorer experience.

It's clear that the customer experience is much poorer when the process tasks much longer and this will translate to frustrated customers and lost business.

Recognizing the need for a managed transformation process in an organization is an essential early part of the process in order to get the buy-in and investment needed to make transformation a success. Consider some of the common problems if you don't have a structured transformation plan (read more in our post 10 reasons you need a digital strategy):

  1. Online-savvy competitors grab market share through better focus and skills on complex digital marketing techniques
  2. Weak improvement process because SMART objectives not defined and lack of suitable digital marketing dashboards and testing platforms to use a data-driven process for improvement
  3. Opportunities from research from analyzing new customer buyer behaviour, competitor benchmarking and preference for new business models not considered
  4. Ad hoc use of inbound digital marketing techniques including investing in digital media and supporting technology and data, i.e. no defined martech stack
  5. Lack of vision and employee understanding for the initiative because of poor internal communications.
  6. Insufficient investment in digital skills across the business
  7. No long-term roadmap of priorities for improving use of always-on marketing and marketing technology

Yet, each of these issues can be solved through a defined transformation programme which follows a logical process and defines the main activities that need to be prioritized.

What process should be followed to structure a transformation plan?

To follow an established process for digital transformation strategy we recommend combining the Smart Insights RACE planning system and PR Smith’s SOSTAC® Planning Model.

SOSTAC® is a widely used tool for marketing and business planning which is rated in the top three most popular marketing models in our review of Marketing Models that have stood the test of time. The SOSTAC® process covers six steps which apply well to managing digital transformation:

  • Situation Analysis
  • Objectives
  • Strategy
  • Tactics
  • Action
  • Control

Created in the 1990s by writer and speaker PR Smith, the SOSTAC® framework has built an authoritative reputation as the framework of choice for different scales of business including multinational and start-up organizations across the world.

However,  the six parts of SOSTAC® don't give details on which digital transformation activities should be worked on, however, our SOSTAC® Digital Marketing Planning Guide advises on this.

Smart Insights RACE explains the detail needed to prioritize digital marketing activities since it gives a comprehensive definition of 25 activities that should be considered for prioritization on your digital transformation roadmap. These are summarized in this infographic which explains how the SOSTAC activities relate to RACE.

SOSTAC RACE Multichannel marketing growth wheel

Let's now consider activities involved in each step.

Stage 1. Situation analysis and performance review

This review should assess opportunities for deploying digital marketing and technology in your organization and review limitations. Analysis of your digital contribution to your business should be part of this compared to competitors. Activities to include at this stage are:

  1. SWOT analysis: what are the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to the whole organization. We recommend a digital-specific or multichannel digital channel SWOT - see examples.
  2. Who your digital customers currently are: What types of audience personas interact with you  You can see more examples and guidance in the Smart Insights Persona Toolkit.
  3. Competitor analysis: How do they compete online across the 5Ds of digital? e.g. price, product, customer service, reputation, what are their key differentiators?.
  4. Digital channel performance: what is the effectiveness of different channels such as search, social media and email marketing in supporting acquisition in combination with the website and supporting content.

Stage 2. Objectives

Stage 2 of your digital transformation plan should define the objective/s of your transformation strategy. Consider the 5 Ss goals refer to Sell, Serve, Speak, Save and Sizzle as SMART objectives.

We recommend that objectives are clearly aligned with strategies to achieve goals and the drivers of these objectives such as business objectives or market research. Key performance indicators (KPIs) should also be detailed.

The scope of digital transformation strategy
Source: Digital, Marketing, Strategy, Implementation and Practice, 7th edition, by Dave Chaffey and Fiona Ellis-Chadwick

Objective setting relates to the control stage where it's important to use the right dashboard and performance review approach to improve performance.

Stage 3. Strategy and governance

Strategy defines how you plan to achieve the objectives set for customer acquisition, conversion and retention.

For transformation projects, you need to select strategic initiatives to achieve your goals. These may include  These are decisions about investment, resourcing and governance which are also highlighted in the action section.

The Deloitte CMO survey highlights how transformation project can support business growth strategies business:

Typically, much investment in digital marketing communications is focused on market penetration of existing products into existing markets. However, transformation strategy should also consider more disruptive strategies to support product development and market development. Digital technologies give opportunities for digital or digitally augmented services and to enter new geographic or customer markets at a low cost. So transformation strategy relates closely to market segmentation, targeting and positioning (STP) strategies. These will require review of  business and revenue models related to the 4Ps including Product, Place, Pricing and Positioning.

Writing on LinkedIn, Andrew Annacone, Managing Partner at TechNexus Venture Collaborative recommends there are four types of transformation to consider:

  • Business process: Improving the efficiency of selling and buying processes and communications (he doesn't acknowledge marketing as a process...)
  • Business model: Opportunities for digital sales
  • Domain: This relates to opportunities for new product development and market development
  • Cultural/organizational: Highlighting the need for careful change management, skills development and restructuring

Digital governance

Governance is a key success factor for digital transformation projects covering issues such as resourcing, skills development, team structure, performance review and improvement process and how these are supported by marketing technology. The McKinsey 7S framework provides a useful way to review these governance decisions.

Stage 4. Tactics

Tactics cover the specific tools of the digital mix that you plan to use to realize the objectives of your plan. In practice, these tactics are delivered as 'always-on' digital communications across the customer lifecycle. Planning in these integrated digital and traditional communications which go beyond marketing campaign communications are needed to make the most of the opportunities of digital marketing, yet they are often missed if a structured transformation approach hasn't been followed.

As our customer lifecycle analysis visual shows, 'always-on' paid, earned and owned digital media are particularly important. If you can encourage initial interactions with a brand based on search intent to buy a product, there are opportunities to design integrated communications to influence audiences throughout the customer lifecycle using email automation, web personalization, and re-targeting.

Customer Lifecycle

When completing your performance review you will have considered your existing capabilities to deliver these.  Access our free digital marketing benchmarking templates to review your performance across RACE.

Our six pillars of success are based on what we have seen to often be missing parts of the planning puzzle when consulting and training with many companies from small to large to help them develop a comprehensive plan.

The six pillars of success for digital marketing tactics

To simplify this complexity from the hundreds of tools and communications channels to potentially use we recommend six key pillars for success for implementing transformation which must be sufficiently resourced and a dedicated strategy created. These are shown in the visual.

The six pillars of digital marketing success

Key activities for the six digital pillars (click to enlarge)

The first two pillars relate to Objective setting and Control, governance should be considered as part of strategy. The other tactics are four key implementation factors. For each, we have highlighted under deliverables, our guides and templates that our premium members use to learn more and created detailed plans of action.

1. Planning and governance

2. Goals and measurement

  • What? Customizing goals in Google Analytics and integrating data from different sources into a reporting dashboard system for quarterly, monthly, weekly or daily review
  • Why? Using a data-driven performance review system helps review your always-on and campaign-based activities to regularly review performance against target and then to take actions to drive growth. Many businesses haven’t customized analytics goals sufficiently.
  • Deliverables: Google Analytics audit and digital marketing dashboards

3. Media

  • What? Using always-on paid, owned and earned digital media to generate brand awareness and drive targeted initial website visits and repeat visits. Update campaign process playbooks
  • Why?  Always on media investment essential to tap into customer intent as they search for products and services and review on social media and publisher sites
  • Deliverables?  Customer acquisition plan. Updated campaign plan and editorial calendar plans

4. Content marketing

  • What?  A defined content marketing strategy engages and converts prospects provided content is surfaced via the website experience through clear customer journeys
  • Why?  Quality content fuels search, social, email and PR activities and support conversions
  • Deliverables?  Content audit. Content marketing strategy. Content distribution plan including influencer outreach.

5. Digital Experience (website)

  • What?  Company websites (and mobile apps where relevant) are at the heart of marketing since they position your brand to support online and offline lead generation and sale
  • Why?  Websites often fail to provide clear customer journeys, emphasize brand value and differentiation or surface relevant content recommendations to support purchasers
  • Deliverables?  Customer personas. Website effectiveness audit. CRO plan.

6. Conversational messaging

Stage 5. Action

Stage 5  is focused on turning your plan into action. The action section covers what needs to be achieved for each of the tactics listed in the previous sections of the SOSTAC® plan to realize the objectives of your digital marketing plan.

This will include project plans and roadmaps of activities as recommended in our transformation toolkit.

Change management plans are a key success factor for transformation since staff need to be fully involved and informed as how changes introduced will affect their way of working. Our change management for digital transformation recommends best practice approaches.

It will also include consideration of your marketing technology stack as described in our guide to marketing technology selection.

marketing tools wheel 2020

Stage 6. Control

The final stage is to lay out how you plan to monitor and measure your performance based on the objectives set at stage 2. We recommend using a digital marketing dashboard structured around RACE which will enable you to review performance of digital channels in achieving leads and sales month-on-month and year-on year.

Our RACE digital marketing dashboard in Google Sheets is used by our premium members to review performance based on an API integration with Google Analytics.

Summary - success factors for transformation

Success in transformation requires sufficient investment in digital marketing activities. We recommend transformation projects ensure sufficient investment across these six pillars:

  • Digital marketing governance or management: Governance defines the resources and infrastructure needed to develop strategies, action plans, resources, budgets, and KPI dashboards to test, learn, refine, and integrate all marketing and sales communications. Key infrastructure investments are marketing technology, data, insight and optimization.
  • Digital goals and measurement. Setting SMART objectives and defining goals in analytics for regular review and corrective action using digital marketing dashboards.
  • Digital media: Grow awareness through integrating paid, owned, and earned media with sufficient investment to gain visibility as prospects search for your products and services.
  • Digital content marketing: Create quality, sector-leading content to fuel all your marketing activities from search to social to email marketing.
  • Digital customer experience: Optimize websites, apps, company social media pages and how they integrate with customer-facing sales and support staff to engage, explain, and convert.
  • Digital messaging or ‘conversation marketing’: Deploy personalized communications to welcome, educate, and nurture prospects and customers across websites, email marketing, and mobile notifications.

In our experience of reviewing organisational digital capabilities as part of digital
power in favour of the customer - now the connected customer. The connected customer is transformation projects, we find that there is often an imbalanced approach to improving digital-savvy, and can easily sidestep traditional marketing methods. They can record TV the impact of digital communications.

Often, there is a narrow focus on the website shows on digital recorders and fast forward the adverts, ignore banner adverts on websites experience and content and technology to support it. While these are at the heart of digital and have conversations on social media without engaging directly with any marketing or transformation and vital in achieving your goals, there are other success factors that are messaging. Consumer research conducted by Neilsen revealed that peer-to-peer reviews critical that relate to the off-site marketing and internal communications.

Here’s a summary checklist of 10 key success factors for digital transformation that you need to communicate as part of your vision of how an organization need to change in future:

  • 1. Management and governance: Engaging all relevant stakeholders to define a vision for how digital can strengthen the organization. Setting goals and selecting costed digital initiatives in a prioritized roadmap that align with your business strategy.
  • 2. Brand development: Digital media and data should enhance your brand, by designing and developing a digital value proposition for your target audiences that complements your existing brand characteristics and counters digital disruption in your sector.
  • 3. Integrated lifecycle communications activities: Digital is sometimes treated as a silo, but customer journey and contact strategy should select relevant paid, owned and earned media activities across digital AND traditional communications. These include both ‘always-on’ and campaign communications.
  • 4. Content: The quality of digital and physical content and how it is surfaced at different points in the customer journey through relevant website design and content distribution channels like search, social media and email marketing is the most important practical factor in increasing reach and persuasion.
  • 5. User experience: Research shows that a poor website experience will result in lost business and a lack of engagement with internal stakeholders. So benchmarking and reviewing the digital experience and product through voice of the customer (VoC) and surveys such that it can be improved is a key part of transformation. The website, increasingly accessed on smartphone is traditionally the key digital experience alongside email marketing. Social media platforms are often the main experience of a brand online in some sectors, particularly as social networks like Facebook and LinkedIn seek to own service transactions between brands and their customers.
  • 6. Resourcing: People, organizational structures and agencies. You will have some digital specialists and agencies, but as part of transformation, it’s important digital marketing competencies are developed across the organisation through skills audits and training.
  • 7. Change management: Digital transformation should be an organization-wide initiative which will be implemented over a period of several years. So ensuring your teams understand the why, what and how transformation will impact their work is important.
  • 8. Improvement process: We believe in a data-driven approach to improvement which requires relevant insights from digital analytics and audience research to inform structured testing such as AB testing that improves your communications effectiveness.
  • 9. Data and insight: Digital interactions generate vast quantities of data, but this is only of value if it is applied to improve the customer experience and your results. So defining a process for combining digital analytics with customer and market research is needed.
  • 10. Marketing  technology: This is the last factor since selecting the right systems is most important as an enabler to support the other success factors.

These success factors are consistent with McKinsey research on unlocking success in digital transformations which highlights the importance of senior involvement for governance and to support change management and collaboration.

How can Smart Insights help?

Our premium Smart Insights resources are dedicated to helping businesses navigate the transformation process. Use the transformation playbook in our Digital transformation toolkit to check the key activities to include in your roadmap.

Our CPDSO-accredited Digital Learning Paths available with Business membership give a comprehensive solution to your training needs for digital transformation, providing an interactive learning experience that takes you from the basics through to advanced execution and reporting.

Each learning path integrates with Word, Excel and Powerpoint templates to help you map, plan and manage your transformation.

Recommended learning paths are:

  • Digital transformation course - for leaders managing digital transformation projects
  • RACE planning course - for team members creating and implementing strategies
  • Channel-specific courses covering digital channels and planning techniques including Campaign Planning, Analytics, SEO, content marketing, digital experience, email marketing automation and Social media marketing
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