ROI is the KPI your executives care most about. When it comes to speaking the language of C-level executives, return on investment (ROI) is the Super-KPI that matters most. Other metrics commonly used by acquisition marketers — such as cost per acquisition, conversion rate, and engagement — while useful, don’t fully account for both sides of the ROI equation. That's why you need to use a marketing ROI calculator to show the value of your marketing.
In this post, I first define how to calculate Marketing return on investment. Then I share how to arrive at valid revenue and cost estimates for three top customer acquisition channels: SEO, PPC, and content marketing.
The Harvard Business Review, in its 2017 ‘Refresher on Marketing ROI’ article, provides this definition of Marketing Return On Investment (MROI):
Increasing your MROI is all about either increasing your incremental revenues (most commonly, Monthly Recurring Revenues, or MRR) or reducing the expenditures (most commonly, marketing and support costs) required to achieve these revenue gains.
If you can succeed with this, you’ll shift your leadership team’s mindset from a focus on cost (which our brains associate with pain) to a focus on investment (which our brains associate with gains).
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Here are the ROI calculators for each of your acquisition marketing channels that you’ll need to achieve this strategic shift in your marketing funnel.
When it comes to acquisition, most ‘small-b brand’ digital companies (not recognized on a global level) mostly rely on SEO (organic) traffic and PPC (paid) channels to drive traffic to their sales pages, so I’ll start with those ROI calculations.
Two commonly-used metrics for PPC campaigns are return on ad spend (ROAS) and profit per impression/click (PPI/PPC). After defining each, I’ll explain why they are not the best measures of PPC campaign performance.
ROAS is simply PPC Revenue minus PPC Cost, divided by PPC Cost, usually shown as a percentage. For example, if your sales from a PPC campaign are $1,500, and you paid $500 for PPC clicks, your ROAS would be 2.0, or 200%.
Marketing vendor, HubSpot provides a ROAS calculator based on data including Monthly Ad Budget, Expected CPC, Target Conversion Rate, Average Sales Price, and Lead-to-Customer Rate.
The ‘profit per’ metrics take a holistic view of the acquisition and conversion process. Conversions don’t happen on their own; they require the right keywords, creating effective ads, and getting clicks at a reasonable cost.
The Profit per Impression/Click calculation is a bit more involved. You’ll need impressions, clicks, total cost, and total sales value. To calculate profit per impression, divide profit by impressions. For-profit per click, divide profit by clicks.
While ROAS and PPI/PPC are a good (and easy) place to start, they’re not accurate ROI measurements. Why?
Because PPC clicks aren’t the only costs for these campaigns. In e-commerce, there are manufacturing costs, marketing costs, and fulfillment costs. There are credit card processing costs and return processing costs. If you have a support team, there are also customer service costs.
In a lead-generation context, you have the costs of salespeople following up on leads, and the costs of marketing automation apps (such as email and CRM), among others. Other ‘hidden’ costs also apply, such as sales operation inefficiencies.
To calculate a true ROI for your PPC efforts, you need to include all applicable costs incurred in converting prospects into leads and customers. You need to estimate and include:
On the revenue side, you need to include revenues resulting from both direct and assisted conversions (more on those below).
Once you have your best PPC-related cost and revenue estimates, feed these values into the above MROI calculation.
SEO (organic) traffic is the cheapest over the long term. So, to get the highest ROI from your SEO efforts, you’ll want to drive high volumes of well-targeted traffic to your landing pages.
But measuring SEO performance is complicated. Say, for example, someone searched for a keyword, came to your site, bounced away after two seconds, then walked into your physical store to purchase something. You can’t just attribute that customer to your organic search because you’re not sure what, exactly, caused the conversion. That’s the attribution problem. Doing this analysis can take a lot of time.
Thankfully, the ROI calculation for e-commerce sites has been made easier with Google Analytics (GA). Adam Frankel from SEMRush details the six steps you should follow to set up conversion - and the associated ROI - tracking in GA.
For e-commerce sites, you just need to set up business goals in GA, insert tracking code into your product pages, then set revenue values for each product SKU. GA will calculate the resulting ROI.
For non-e-commerce sites, the revenue value is the value of each sales-qualified lead (SQL). Start by talking to your salespeople to estimate the value of each marketing-qualified lead (MQL) you pass along to them. If they consider only 20% of these to be ‘target customers, primed for sale,’ you’ll need to reduce that lead to revenue value by a factor of five. You’ll want to bump up this lead value to increase your SEO-related ROI.
Lots of recent statistics prove that content marketing - if executed well - works. But these stats don’t show the actual ROI achieved from these efforts. As with the SEO marketing ROI calculator, GA comes to the rescue.
First let me define Content Marketing ROI: a percentage that expresses how much revenue you gain from content marketing in comparison to what you spend on creating and distributing that content.
On the cost side you need to figure out:
On the revenue side, sometimes there’s a direct link between your content and conversion, like when a prospect views a blog, clicks on your call to action, then buys something. But other times the click-sales connection isn’t direct.
Say, for example, a visitor reads one of your blogs they found via Google, then leaves your site to do some comparison shopping, and returns the next day to make a purchase. You can’t track that conversion with just (within-session) e-commerce tracking enabled in GA.
Fortunately, you can track this through GA with Assisted Conversions. Assisted Conversions measures the number of conversions that a channel contributed to, at any point along the customer’s journey.
To do this in GA, go to Conversions > Multi-channel Funnels > Assisted Conversions. Click on a channel and look at the Click Direct Conversion Value column to see how much revenue it generated, both directly and indirectly.
Use this handy, free tool from GA to ensure your marketing ROI calculator is taking all conversions into account rather than just direct conversions.
ROI has always been harder to calculate on social media. That’s mainly a) due to the attribution problem I mentioned earlier, and b) since likes and shares don’t directly result in revenues.
Findings from the Gartner CMO spend survey 2020-2021 found that during the early months of the pandemic, consumers flocked online for information, entertainment and connection, and that trend will continue. Digital channels account for almost 80% of budgets in 2020.
CMOs spend nearly one-quarter (22%) of the marketing budget on digital advertising (13.5%) — including display, video or ads on social media or on platforms like Amazon — and paid search. Another 59% goes to owned and earned digital channels such as social marketing, the website, SEO and mobile marketing.
The Gartner survey findings reveal that 62% of CMOs expect total media spend to bounce back in 2021. Marketing leaders are confident about the outlook for paid media in the coming 12 months.
A top cost factor for digital brands, and especially SaaS vendors, is customer churn, as I shared in this SmartInsights post. By better listening to, and acting upon, feedback from your customers, you can lower this churn rate, and thus your churn-related costs. These cost reductions have high revenue leverage. According to Bain & Company research, increasing customer retention by just 5% increased profits by 25% to 95%.
Of course, just like for your PPC, SEO, and content marketing campaigns, you need to include all costs (overhead, tools, etc.) associated with your social media campaigns to arrive at a valid total cost amount.
It’s easier on the revenue side. Start by estimating social network contributions to revenues. In GA, go to Acquisition > Social > Overview. Then plug these revenue and cost values into your MROI equation to get your ROI.
Start accelerating your ROI with the RACE Framework. Book on your free 1-2-1 consultation call to discuss your marketing strategy with an expert today. Book your free 1-2-1 consultation to develop your new strategy with the RACE FrameworkNeed a winning marketing strategy?
The language of business — and especially executive management — is ROI. So the sooner you can calculate credible calculations of these ROIs for your campaigns, the better.
As much as possible, lean on analytics tools that are already part of your toolkit, such as Google Analytics. Set up conversion goals and tracking so you can get revenue values that reflect all of the digital touchpoints leading up that final conversion. For lead-generation sites, make sure your value-per-lead assumptions reflect the percentage of leads that make it down your sales funnel.
‘Speaking ROI’ and employing a marketing ROI calculator approach may feel like learning a foreign language at first. But, as you become more familiar with these calculations and their underlying data, you’ll soon build both the value of your company and the political influence of your team.
Book your free 1-2-1 consultation to develop your new strategy with the RACE FrameworkNeed a winning marketing strategy?
By Mark D. Hall
Seasoned Voice of Customer (VOC) Insights, Customer Experience (CX) and Conversion Rate Optimization (CRO) professional. Mark raises the revenues and customer loyalty of E-Commerce and SAAS-based brands by finding and fixing the ‘holes’ in their customer experience. For over 20 years Mark has worked with a wide range of clients, including AT&T, AutoZone, American Express, Delta Dental, Kaiser Permanente, Denon, Edmunds, eDriving, SpyTec and The California Lottery. Mark holds a B.S. in Engineering from the University of Washington, and an M.B.A. from the University of Colorado. When not working, Mark enjoys playing tenor saxophone, mountain biking, reading and watching soccer. Read his blog, connect with him on LinkedIn or follow him on Twitter
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